Mudumalai National Park

 𝐌𝐮𝐝𝐮𝐦𝐚𝐥𝐚𝐢 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐏𝐚𝐫𝐤 is a national park in the 𝐍𝐢𝐥𝐠𝐢𝐫𝐢 𝐌𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐬 in 𝐓𝐚𝐦𝐢𝐥 𝐍𝐚𝐝𝐮 in 𝐬𝐨𝐮𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐧 𝐈𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐚. It covers 𝟑𝟐𝟏 𝐤𝐦^𝟐 at an elevation range of 𝟖𝟓𝟎–𝟏,𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝐦 in the 𝐍𝐢𝐥𝐠𝐢𝐫𝐢 𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐭 and shares boundaries with the states of 𝐊𝐚𝐫𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐚𝐤𝐚 and 𝐊𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐥𝐚.𝐌𝐮𝐝𝐮𝐦𝐚𝐥𝐚𝐢 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐏𝐚𝐫𝐤 and the adjacent 𝐒𝐢𝐠𝐮𝐫 𝐑𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐞 𝐅𝐨𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐭 form an 𝐢𝐦𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐭 𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐝𝐥𝐢𝐟𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐝𝐨𝐫 within the 𝐍𝐢𝐥𝐠𝐢𝐫𝐢 𝐁𝐢𝐨𝐬𝐩𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐑𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐞 and provide the 𝐡𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐬𝐜𝐚𝐩𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐧𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐢𝐭𝐲 for the 𝐀𝐬𝐢𝐚𝐧 𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐩𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐭 (𝐄𝐥𝐞𝐩𝐡𝐚𝐬 𝐦𝐚𝐱𝐢𝐦𝐮𝐬) population in the region.

It receives an 𝐚𝐧𝐧𝐮𝐚𝐥 𝐫𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐟𝐚𝐥𝐥 of about 𝟏,𝟒𝟐𝟎 𝐦𝐦 and harbours 𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐩𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 and 𝐬𝐮𝐛𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐩𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐦𝐨𝐢𝐬𝐭 𝐛𝐫𝐨𝐚𝐝𝐥𝐞𝐚𝐟 𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐬 with 𝟒𝟗𝟖 𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐭 𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐬, at least 𝟐𝟔𝟔 𝐛𝐢𝐫𝐝 𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐬, 𝟏𝟖 𝐜𝐚𝐫𝐧𝐢𝐯𝐨𝐫𝐞 and 𝟏𝟎 𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐛𝐢𝐯𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐬. It is drained by the 𝐌𝐨𝐲𝐚𝐫 𝐑𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐫 and several tributaries, which harbour 𝟑𝟖 𝐟𝐢𝐬𝐡 𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐬.The floral diversity comprises 𝟒𝟗𝟖 𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐭 𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐬 including 𝟏𝟓𝟒 𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐞, 𝟕𝟕 𝐬𝐡𝐫𝐮𝐛, 𝟐𝟏𝟒 𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐛 and 𝟓𝟑 𝐯𝐢𝐧𝐞 𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐬. 𝐓𝐞𝐚𝐤 (𝐓𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐧𝐚 𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐬) and 𝐚𝐱𝐥𝐞𝐰𝐨𝐨𝐝 (𝐀𝐧𝐨𝐠𝐞𝐢𝐬𝐬𝐮𝐬 𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐟𝐨𝐥𝐢𝐚) are the 𝐝𝐨𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐧𝐭 𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐞 𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐬 with a density of  𝐦𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐧 𝟏𝟎𝟓 𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐞𝐬/𝐡𝐚.

Fauna species include 𝐈𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐚𝐧 𝐋𝐞𝐨𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐝𝐬, 𝐁𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐚𝐥 𝐓𝐢𝐠𝐞𝐫𝐬,𝐑𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐲-𝐒𝐩𝐨𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐂𝐚𝐭, 𝐋𝐞𝐨𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐝 𝐂𝐚𝐭, 𝐉𝐮𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞 𝐂𝐚𝐭, 𝐍𝐢𝐥𝐠𝐢𝐫𝐢 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐞𝐧,𝐒𝐥𝐨𝐭𝐡 𝐁𝐞𝐚𝐫,𝐒𝐦𝐨𝐨𝐭𝐡-𝐂𝐨𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐎𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫,𝐀𝐬𝐢𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐥𝐞𝐩𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐭, 𝐒𝐚𝐦𝐛𝐚𝐫 𝐃𝐞𝐞𝐫,𝐂𝐡𝐢𝐭𝐚𝐥, 𝐁𝐥𝐚𝐜𝐤𝐛𝐮𝐜𝐤,𝐅𝐨𝐮𝐫-𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐝 𝐀𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐥𝐨𝐩𝐞, 𝐁𝐨𝐧𝐧𝐞𝐭 𝐌𝐚𝐜𝐚𝐪𝐮𝐞,𝐆𝐫𝐚𝐲 𝐋𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐮𝐫,𝐈𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐚𝐧 𝐆𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐭 𝐒𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐥,𝐈𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐚𝐧 𝐆𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐭 𝐅𝐥𝐲𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐒𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐥 among others.Birds include  𝐌𝐚𝐥𝐚𝐛𝐚𝐫 𝐠𝐫𝐞𝐲 𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐧𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐥, 𝐈𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐚𝐧 𝐠𝐫𝐞𝐲 𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐧𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐥, 𝐈𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐚𝐧 𝐩𝐞𝐚𝐟𝐨𝐰𝐥, 𝐁𝐨𝐧𝐞𝐥𝐥𝐢'𝐬 𝐞𝐚𝐠𝐥𝐞, 𝐜𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐞𝐚𝐠𝐥𝐞, 𝐛𝐥𝐚𝐜𝐤 𝐞𝐚𝐠𝐥𝐞, 𝐛𝐞𝐬𝐫𝐚 and 𝐜𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐠𝐨𝐬𝐡𝐚𝐰𝐤, 𝐰𝐡𝐢𝐭𝐞-𝐫𝐮𝐦𝐩𝐞𝐝 𝐬𝐡𝐚𝐦𝐚, 𝐈𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐚𝐧 𝐫𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐫, 𝐠𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐟𝐥𝐚𝐦𝐞𝐛𝐚𝐜𝐤 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐰𝐡𝐢𝐭𝐞-𝐧𝐚𝐩𝐞𝐝 𝐰𝐨𝐨𝐝𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐤𝐞𝐫, 𝐛𝐥𝐚𝐜𝐤-𝐫𝐮𝐦𝐩𝐞𝐝 𝐟𝐥𝐚𝐦𝐞𝐛𝐚𝐜𝐤, 𝐰𝐡𝐢𝐭𝐞-𝐛𝐞𝐥𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐝 𝐰𝐨𝐨𝐝𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐤𝐞𝐫, 𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐭-𝐬𝐩𝐨𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐰𝐨𝐨𝐝𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐤𝐞𝐫, 𝐫𝐮𝐟𝐨𝐮𝐬 𝐰𝐨𝐨𝐝𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐤𝐞𝐫,𝐜𝐫𝐢𝐦𝐬𝐨𝐧-𝐛𝐚𝐜𝐤𝐞𝐝 𝐬𝐮𝐧𝐛𝐢𝐫𝐝, 𝐋𝐨𝐭𝐞𝐧'𝐬 𝐬𝐮𝐧𝐛𝐢𝐫𝐝,𝐛𝐥𝐚𝐜𝐤 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞 𝐟𝐥𝐲𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐫,𝐒𝐩𝐨𝐭-𝐛𝐞𝐥𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐝 𝐞𝐚𝐠𝐥𝐞-𝐨𝐰𝐥, 𝐎𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐬𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐬 𝐨𝐰𝐥, 𝐛𝐫𝐨𝐰𝐧 𝐛𝐨𝐨𝐛𝐨𝐨𝐤 and 𝐣𝐮𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞 𝐎𝐰𝐥𝐞𝐭 .Reptiles include 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐦𝐮𝐠𝐠𝐞𝐫 𝐜𝐫𝐨𝐜𝐨𝐝𝐢𝐥𝐞, 𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐩𝐞𝐝 𝐜𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐥 𝐬𝐧𝐚𝐤𝐞, 𝐄𝐥𝐥𝐢𝐨𝐭'𝐬 𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐥𝐢𝐳𝐚𝐫𝐝, 𝐉𝐞𝐫𝐝𝐨𝐧'𝐬 𝐝𝐚𝐲 𝐠𝐞𝐜𝐤𝐨 and  𝐆𝐨𝐚𝐧 𝐝𝐚𝐲 𝐠𝐞𝐜𝐤𝐨.

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Effects of Deforestation on wildlife

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 𝐃𝐞𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 is one of the most critical issues 𝐭𝐡𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐛𝐢𝐨𝐝𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐲 and the health of our planet. Deforestation is the process of 𝐜𝐥𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐨𝐫 𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐬 𝐛𝐲 𝐡𝐮𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐬  to make the land available for other uses. This can involve 𝐜𝐮𝐭𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐝𝐨𝐰𝐧 𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐞𝐬, 𝐜𝐥𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞, 𝐨𝐫 𝐛𝐮𝐢𝐥𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐫𝐨𝐚𝐝𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐧𝐞𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐛𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐡𝐨𝐨𝐝𝐬.  Deforestation causes significant problems for wildlife by leading to 𝐡𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐭𝐚𝐭 𝐥𝐨𝐬𝐬, 𝐡𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐭𝐚𝐭 𝐟𝐫𝐚𝐠𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧, and 𝐢𝐧𝐜𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐞𝐝 𝐡𝐮𝐦𝐚𝐧-𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐝𝐥𝐢𝐟𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐟𝐥𝐢𝐜𝐭. When forests are cleared, 𝐜𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐭𝐥𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐬 𝐥𝐨𝐬𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐢𝐫 𝐡𝐨𝐦𝐞𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐲 𝐧𝐞𝐞𝐝 𝐭𝐨 𝐬𝐮𝐫𝐯𝐢𝐯𝐞, leading to 𝐩𝐨𝐩𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐝𝐞𝐜𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬 and, in some cases, 𝐞𝐱𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧. 𝐇𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐭𝐚𝐭 𝐟𝐫𝐚𝐠𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 divides contin...
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